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	<title>Auto Design Ideas &#187; engine</title>
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	<link>http://www.m2hi.com</link>
	<description>Providing Varied Information on Automotive Design in the Web</description>
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		<title>Ferdinand Porsche &#8211; Prolific Car Designer</title>
		<link>http://www.m2hi.com/131/ferdinand-porsche-prolific-car-designer</link>
		<comments>http://www.m2hi.com/131/ferdinand-porsche-prolific-car-designer#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 04 Aug 2010 22:16:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Auto Design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[car design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[engine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[engineer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[engineering]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mercedes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[prototype]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.m2hi.com/?p=131</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Ferdinand Porsche was born on September 3, 1875 in the Bohemian village of Maffersdorf, which is now part of the Czech Republic. He was fascinated by electricity and engineering from an early age. When he was 16, he moved to Vienna and started to attend the Vienna Technical High School. At the same time, he [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;">Ferdinand Porsche was born on September 3, 1875 in the Bohemian village of Maffersdorf, which is now part of the Czech Republic. He was fascinated by electricity and engineering from an early age. When he was 16, he moved to Vienna and started to attend the Vienna Technical High School. At the same time, he worked part time at Egger, a local electrical company.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Here he started dating a bookkeeper named Louise Kaes. Later on he married her. They had two children, Ferdinand, nicknamed Ferry, and Louisa. Ferry inherited his father&#8217;s passion for cars and joined the business when he reached adulthood.</p>
<p><span id="more-131"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">During the course of his employment at Egger, Porsche was promoted to the testing and experimental department. However, in 1898, young Porsche left Egger and went to work for Lohner, a company that manufactured electric cars.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Here, at age 23, he designed the Lohner Porsche. Then, the L&#8217;Exposition Universelle De Paris was the most prestigious car exhibition of the time and Porsche was fortunate enough to have his car exhibited there in 1900.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Porsche then won the opportunity to design another prototype, a 4-wheel drive with an electric motor in each wheel. In 1902, with Porsche driving, it won its class at a hill climb in Exelber, Austria.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">During the same year, Porsche was drafted into the Imperial Reserve. There he was employed as a staff driver for top ranking officers of the Austro-Hungarian Army and at one time chauffeured Archduke Franz Ferdinand.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">During the next 25 years, Porsche worked for many different companies. He designed a road train that was used in World War I and rated as one of his most important achievements.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">In 1923 Porsche joined Daimler, Germany and then in 1926 Daimler merged with Benz. This enabled Porsche to work on the Mercedes S and SSK. He also designed a popular automobile and a diesel powered truck.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">In 1930 Porsche decided to open his own engineering office in Stuttgart. Porsche had always dreamed of creating a small affordable car for the European mass market as Henry Ford had done for the American market.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">He saw an opportunity to realize this dream in 1934 when he received an order from Adolph Hitler to design and build the first &#8216;people&#8217;s car.&#8217; The result was the VW Beetle. Porsche also designed several military vehicles for the Nazis&#8217; use during World War II.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Following World War II, the French government charged Porsche with collaboration with the Nazis and imprisoned him for 20 months in Dijon. His son was also incarcerated. However, his son was able to take control of the business and raise sufficient funds to post a bond and secure his father&#8217;s release.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The University of Stuttgart awarded Porsche an honorary doctorate degree for the most prolific auto designer of the first half of the 20th century.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Porsche is quoted as saying; &#8220;I couldn&#8217;t find the car of my dreams so I built it myself.&#8221; However, in pursuing his dream, he must have encountered some obstacles as he also said, &#8220;If one does not fail at times than one has not challenged oneself.&#8221;</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Car Rental</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Rent A Car</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Brenda_Williams</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>New Astra &#8211; A Luxurious New Design</title>
		<link>http://www.m2hi.com/128/new-astra-a-luxurious-new-design</link>
		<comments>http://www.m2hi.com/128/new-astra-a-luxurious-new-design#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 04 Aug 2010 22:15:05 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Auto Design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[engine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[wheel]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.m2hi.com/?p=128</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Vauxhall has pretty much completely redesigned the new Astra, making it more along the lines of the Insignia while still keeping it a separate design. This new design has a bit more of a luxury feel to it, even though it is still a compact car with pricing suited to those who are on a [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;">Vauxhall has pretty much completely redesigned the new Astra, making it more along the lines of the Insignia while still keeping it a separate design. This new design has a bit more of a luxury feel to it, even though it is still a compact car with pricing suited to those who are on a budget. The design changes not only make it look fancier, they also help to make it more environmentally friendly and make it more comfortable to drive and ride in as well.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Vauxhall has changed the engine options for the new Astra so that they could lower the emissions while still giving the car great performance. You have eight options for engine types, including some that take diesel fuel and some that take petrol. Those who want a more powerful engine have the option of paying for it. The diesel options include a 1.7 L engine and a 2.0 L engine. There is a EcoFlex model that has a 1.3 CDTi, and five petrol engine options ranging from 1.4 L to 1.6 L Turbo. All of the cars have been designed to have lower emissions than the previous models.</p>
<p><span id="more-128"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Changes to the wheel base, core body design, and suspension make the new Astra more comfortable to drive and more responsive. There are also bespoke steering settings, the FlexRide system, two braking systems, and an easy to use electronic parking brake. There is also the option to add the Adaptive Forward Lighting system to this Astra model.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The interior of the New Astra has been redesigned as well, giving some great new storage options to those in the car as well as maximizing the safety features that are available. Places are available to store all sorts of different commonly carried objects, from sunglasses to drink cups to coins. Seats have been specially designed for safety with adjustable headrests, seat belts, the option to turn off the airbag for the front passenger seat when a child safety seat is being used, ISOFIX child seat mounts and top tether brackets for the rear seats, and front seats especially designed to minimize injury in the case of an accident.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Pete J Ridgard is a writer and a car enthusiast. He currently writes for the automotive industry. Here he discusses New Astra cars.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Pete_Ridgard</p>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position: absolute; left: -10000px; top: 0px; width: 1px; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; text-align: justify;">
<p>Vauxhall has pretty much completely redesigned the new Astra, making it more along the lines of the Insignia while still keeping it a separate design. This new design has a bit more of a luxury feel to it, even though it is still a compact car with pricing suited to those who are on a budget. The design changes not only make it look fancier, they also help to make it more environmentally friendly and make it more comfortable to drive and ride in as well.</p>
<p>Vauxhall has changed the engine options for the new Astra so that they could lower the emissions while still giving the car great performance. You have eight options for engine types, including some that take diesel fuel and some that take petrol. Those who want a more powerful engine have the option of paying for it. The diesel options include a 1.7 L engine and a 2.0 L engine. There is a EcoFlex model that has a 1.3 CDTi, and five petrol engine options ranging from 1.4 L to 1.6 L Turbo. All of the cars have been designed to have lower emissions than the previous models.</p>
<p>Changes to the wheel base, core body design, and suspension make the new Astra more comfortable to drive and more responsive. There are also bespoke steering settings, the FlexRide system, two braking systems, and an easy to use electronic parking brake. There is also the option to add the Adaptive Forward Lighting system to this Astra model.</p>
<p>The interior of the New Astra has been redesigned as well, giving some great new storage options to those in the car as well as maximizing the safety features that are available. Places are available to store all sorts of different commonly carried objects, from sunglasses to drink cups to coins. Seats have been specially designed for safety with adjustable headrests, seat belts, the option to turn off the airbag for the front passenger seat when a child safety seat is being used, ISOFIX child seat mounts and top tether brackets for the rear seats, and front seats especially designed to minimize injury in the case of an accident.</p>
<p>Pete J Ridgard is a writer and a car enthusiast. He currently writes for the automotive industry. Here he discusses New Astra cars.</p>
<p>Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Pete_Ridgard</p>
<p>Vauxhall has pretty much completely redesigned the new Astra, making it more along the lines of the Insignia while still keeping it a separate design. This new design has a bit more of a luxury feel to it, even though it is still a compact car with pricing suited to those who are on a budget. The design changes not only make it look fancier, they also help to make it more environmentally friendly and make it more comfortable to drive and ride in as well.</p>
<p>Vauxhall has changed the engine options for the new Astra so that they could lower the emissions while still giving the car great performance. You have eight options for engine types, including some that take diesel fuel and some that take petrol. Those who want a more powerful engine have the option of paying for it. The diesel options include a 1.7 L engine and a 2.0 L engine. There is a EcoFlex model that has a 1.3 CDTi, and five petrol engine options ranging from 1.4 L to 1.6 L Turbo. All of the cars have been designed to have lower emissions than the previous models.</p>
<p>Changes to the wheel base, core body design, and suspension make the new Astra more comfortable to drive and more responsive. There are also bespoke steering settings, the FlexRide system, two braking systems, and an easy to use electronic parking brake. There is also the option to add the Adaptive Forward Lighting system to this Astra model.</p>
<p>The interior of the New Astra has been redesigned as well, giving some great new storage options to those in the car as well as maximizing the safety features that are available. Places are available to store all sorts of different commonly carried objects, from sunglasses to drink cups to coins. Seats have been specially designed for safety with adjustable headrests, seat belts, the option to turn off the airbag for the front passenger seat when a child safety seat is being used, ISOFIX child seat mounts and top tether brackets for the rear seats, and front seats especially designed to minimize injury in the case of an accident.</p>
<p>Pete J Ridgard is a writer and a car enthusiast. He currently writes for the automotive industry. Here he discusses New Astra cars.</p>
<p>Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Pete_Ridgard</p></div>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>Say It Proud With A Custom Bumper Sticker You Design Online</title>
		<link>http://www.m2hi.com/125/say-it-proud-with-a-custom-bumper-sticker-you-design-online</link>
		<comments>http://www.m2hi.com/125/say-it-proud-with-a-custom-bumper-sticker-you-design-online#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 04 Jul 2010 22:13:38 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Auto Design]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.m2hi.com/?p=125</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In our modern high-tech world of today, you can customize just about anything. In addition, the Internet is a great source of virtually anything you might want to find. So, it makes sense that there are companies out there that will print up any custom bumper stickers you design online, and ship it (or them) [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;">In our modern high-tech world of today, you can customize just about anything. In addition, the Internet is a great source of virtually anything you might want to find. So, it makes sense that there are companies out there that will print up any custom bumper stickers you design online, and ship it (or them) to you.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">After all, how many times have you seen a saying and thought: &#8220;Well, it is okay, but not quite what I&#8217;m looking for? Well, now you can get that sticker for yourself, and get it made just the way you want with custom bumper stickers.</p>
<p><span id="more-125"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">So, step one, go onto the Internet and use a standard search engine to find some companies that will print them. Be sure to compare prices. After all, you want to get the best deal possible. Some websites offer discounts if you order in bulk; or if you have more than one design in mind.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Also, some firms offer more than one size, and will print them on different materials. Maybe you do not want a standard three inch by ten inch bumper sticker; you would like a four inch by twenty inch one.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Or, if you do not mind spending just a bit more, you can get one That kind of sticker has the virtue of being able to be easily removed from your car&#8217;s bumper, and reused. Because, let us face it, how many of us keep a car for years and years? With a regular one, you sell your car, and it is gone. On the other hand, if you have that great custom style you design online printed on magnetic paper, you can transfer it to your new car.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Then there is yet another nice feature of a magnetic bumper sticker &#8211; it will stick to anything metal. So, if you are particularly proud of that design, you can slap a copy of it onto your refrigerator, your washer and/or dryer, and just about any other metal surface in your home.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Who knows, maybe people will take such a shine to it, they will ask where you bought it. That is when you can tell them it is a custom design. If they really like it, maybe you will get some orders for more. Once your creativity starts flowing you&#8217;ll think of many wonderful, humorous designs and sayings that you can make your own.+</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Got Something to Say?Say it with a low price, high quality custom bumper sticker you design online. Visit http://www.humperbumper.com for magnetic and regular bumper stickers</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Amy_Wells</p>
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		<title>What Truly Makes a Car Dangerous &#8211; The Design Or the Driver?</title>
		<link>http://www.m2hi.com/113/what-truly-makes-a-car-dangerous-the-design-or-the-driver</link>
		<comments>http://www.m2hi.com/113/what-truly-makes-a-car-dangerous-the-design-or-the-driver#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 04 Jul 2010 22:04:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Auto Design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[engine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[engines]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.m2hi.com/?p=113</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[When cars were first invented, they were little more than what they were initially called: horseless carriages. Designers simply took an existing design that was commonly available and familiar to their target audience and inserted an internal combustion engine into it. Looking at old pictures of these first models you can see a certain innocent [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;">When cars were first invented, they were little more than what they were initially called: horseless carriages. Designers simply took an existing design that was commonly available and familiar to their target audience and inserted an internal combustion engine into it. Looking at old pictures of these first models you can see a certain innocent charm to them, as if the people designing and building them had no idea about where these new inventions were going to go, and how they would revolutionize America.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">And for a while, it worked. The early engines had only a few horsepower, and thus speeds and performance of the mechanical engines were more or less identical to animal power they replaced. Unfortunately, as technology progressed, many carmakers failed to anticipate the changes new power plants would have on the frames they put them in, and accidents began to occur.</p>
<p><span id="more-113"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Over the decades, car manufacturers began to take into account the safety needs of their customers, and cars became safer. They were by no means perfect, but they were certainly better than their open-top buggies and wooden-wheeled predecessors.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">In our modern age, car safety design is state of the art. With governmental safety standards and company reputations to uphold, automakers have to design their cars to be as safe as possible. Unfortunately, sometimes the inherent design or manufacture of a type of car makes the occupants more vulnerable to injury or death.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">What even the best-designed car in the world cannot do is change the mentality of the driver behind the wheel. Some people are better drivers than others, but certain types of cars engender feelings of invincibility when normal people get behind the wheel. When that happens, accidents occur.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Common types of cars that can make drivers change their driving habits and become more dangerous include:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Sport Utility Vehicles: SUVs are commonly included on lists of cars that are simply more dangerous than others. Part of the danger is due to the driver&#8217;s sense of invulnerability that stems from their notion of driving what they believe are driving a safer vehicle, and partly due to the basic nature of the car. Studies consistently show that when people think they are safer, they tend to take more risks, and nowhere is this truer than behind the wheel of a monster SUV. Furthermore, many popular SUVs are simply large bodies attached to smaller standard frames, frames that were never designed to accommodate the differences in performance and weight distribution found in many SUVs. Basically, combining a vehicle with a narrow wheel base and a high profile with a misinformed driver is a recipe for danger.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Convertibles: Perhaps no image is more iconic in the minds of Americans of any age than that of tooling down the freeway in a convertible with the top down, throwing caution to the very wind that blows through your hair. There is no doubt, convertibles are fun and exciting, but there is also no doubt that they are extremely dangerous as well. As with SUVs, people that drive convertibles can get caught up in the experience of driving, and not pay attention to the dangers. The primary risk of any convertible is a rollover. Most cars have reinforced roofs and weight distribution to ensure that in the event it flips over, the roof will not cave in and crush the passengers. This is not the case for many convertibles, and even ones with so-called roll bars are not entirely free from this danger. Because of these factors, convertibles can make people more inclined to show off, take risks, and generally act in ways they shouldn&#8217;t on the road.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">&#8220;Smart&#8221; cars: Thanks to the cost of oil, and due to the demand for smaller, less expensive transportation, micro compact cars have become a popular alternative for city-dwellers and suburbanites alike. Unfortunately, drivers of smaller cars fall prey to the same mentality of SUV drivers, in that they think their vehicles are safer, thus they drive more dangerously. Also, while SUVs have their dangers, their larger bodies and open interior space offer far more protection than a super small car. Potential drivers must balance the risks and dangers of these vehicles with the savings they provide in order to make an informed choice about their transportation.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Ultimately, driving a car is dangerous, regardless of the safety features or well-envisioned design. As a driver, you need to be aware that if you are involved in an accident because of another driver, you have rights.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">For more than 25 years, personal injury attorney Bryan Snyder has worked with people facing damages, both physical and material caused by negligent and irresponsible drivers. As an auto accident lawyer, Bryan Snyder has successfully represented victims and families of those injured in Southern California.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Bryan_Snyder</p>
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		<title>5 Cars With Weird Designs</title>
		<link>http://www.m2hi.com/102/5-cars-with-weird-designs</link>
		<comments>http://www.m2hi.com/102/5-cars-with-weird-designs#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 14 Jun 2010 18:09:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Auto Design]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[There are some cars that can take your breath away with their overwhelming looks. On the other hand, there exist some cars with designs that are very mundane and ordinary, while some car designs can amaze you with their oddities and unusualness. Here is the list of 5 cars with weird designs:
1. Mercedes-Benz Count Trossi [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;">There are some cars that can take your breath away with their overwhelming looks. On the other hand, there exist some cars with designs that are very mundane and ordinary, while some car designs can amaze you with their oddities and unusualness. Here is the list of 5 cars with weird designs:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">1. Mercedes-Benz Count Trossi SSK</p>
<p><span id="more-102"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Luxury car maker Mercedes-Benz has named this &#8220;Count Trossi&#8221; SSK after the &#8220;aristocratic&#8221; Italian race-car driver Count Carlo Felice Trossi. This car actually has a very stylish set of wheels, despite having &#8216;weird car design&#8217;. This car had been extremely successful in the Le Mans, Monaco, and the Mille Miglia.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">There are only four original models of the Count Trossi SSK in the world and each is a &#8216;holy grail&#8217; among car collectors. Recently one model from 1929 sold for US$7.4 million!</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">2. Peugeot Honey-B</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The Peugeot Honey-B like its namesake looks pretty much like a big honey bee on wheels! It seems like a Peugeot car designer must have got stung by a honeybee one day and he decided to immortalize his &#8216;honeybee experience&#8217; and came up with this strange car.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Like bees, it is aerodynamic, but unlike bees, it is a Sports Utility Vehicle (SUV) powered by hydrogen fuel cells. This Honey-B boasts of seats with techno-cool hydraulic arms that help various preset adjustments which means they retract automatically to your preferred position once you&#8217;re seated!</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">3. Hondo Puyo</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The Honda Puyo can be termed as the &#8220;Weird-great Puyo&#8221;. The little information we found on this &#8216;weirdo&#8217; car tells us that this is a concept car which runs on hydrogen fuel. Unlike the fuel-cell powered Honda FCX, the Puyo prides on &#8220;no sharp edges&#8221; and is covered in soft silicone so that it can absorb light collisions. If you are planning to ride this, you have to use a joystick instead of a steering wheel.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">4. Nissan Moon Buggy</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Fueled by imagination, designer Robert Hoffmann drew up this Nissan Moon Buggy concept for an auto magazine. This weird car is very unlikely to go into production. This strange Nissan Moon Buggy has been inspired by the Lunar Modules.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The car has oversize rear wheels that are supposed to provide more efficiency in maneuverability. Not only that, when it reaches high speeds, Ailerons are deployed for increased aerodynamics, Ailerons are commonly found on fixed-wing aircraft!</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">To be honest, the car looks like a cross between an alien and an iPod.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">5. Nissan Pivo 2</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Who says no car designers design cars for gals? The Nissan Pivo 2 is just not a &#8216;girlie-girlie&#8217; car concept but a very urbane one in that! It is powered by advanced compact lithium-ion batteries and features a unique rotating cabin, which means no reverse gear is required! The four wheels are powered by electric engine and can turn through 90 degrees to allow the Pivo 2 to drive sideways as well as forward. The Pivo 2 looks as if it has come from the Pixar Studio!</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">To read more interesting car articles, visit Carazoo.com.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=V_Divya</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>Road Design and Traffic Accidents</title>
		<link>http://www.m2hi.com/99/road-design-and-traffic-accidents</link>
		<comments>http://www.m2hi.com/99/road-design-and-traffic-accidents#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 14 Jun 2010 18:08:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Auto Design]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[There are seemingly endless factors that can potentially contribute to traffic accidents. The ones that get the most attention in the media are those that involve modern technology and thus spark debate. But while devices such as cell phones certainly do act as a distraction to drivers on the road, there are other more fundamental [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;">There are seemingly endless factors that can potentially contribute to traffic accidents. The ones that get the most attention in the media are those that involve modern technology and thus spark debate. But while devices such as cell phones certainly do act as a distraction to drivers on the road, there are other more fundamental things that can completely change the way traffic flows and seriously lessen or increase the number of traffic fatalities each year.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Road design is one of these endlessly important factors that can completely change the everyday safety level of a commute. Hours of labor by skilled engineers, scientists and statisticians go into road design for major thoroughfares. Road design includes:</p>
<p><span id="more-99"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">o The basic design of the road-this includes the degree of the turns, the size of the lanes, the thickness of the asphalt, among many other things. This stage of road design requires the careful work of one or many civil engineers.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">o Road fixtures-this includes the number and placement of road signs, the removal of trees that may become a danger in the event of a storm or other unforeseeable issues, the placement of fire hydrants with special designs to collapse upon impact.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">o Safety barriers-barriers are present on most highways as well as roads that extend past rivers or cliffs. A barrier can be the one thing that keeps an out of control car from moving into on coming traffic, resulting in a head on collision. Safety barriers must be able to absorb impact energy while minimizing the risk to car occupants. Changes in safety include side rails that are anchored to the ground and light poles that break at the base.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">o Pavement marking-reflective materials used to indicate lanes, appropriate passing areas, road shoulders and two way or one way roads.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Road Design for Highways</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Highways may seem to be by far the scariest part of driving. On highways there are cars swishing by at extreme speeds, large semis taking that have limited vision, dangerous lane changes by said speeding cars, unforeseen road hazards that are difficult to deal with at high speeds among many other frightening challenges.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">But in reality, highways, for the most part, actually improve safety. They allow for the free flow of traffic and decongest smaller roads. Highways also have much fewer distractions and hazards as compared to roads with intersections and stop lights.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">For more information on road design, visit the website of the car accident attorneys of Habush Habush &amp; Rottier SC.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Joseph Devine</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Joseph_Devine</p>
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		<title>Streetfighter Motorcycle Frame Designs</title>
		<link>http://www.m2hi.com/84/streetfighter-motorcycle-frame-designs</link>
		<comments>http://www.m2hi.com/84/streetfighter-motorcycle-frame-designs#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 14 Mar 2010 13:20:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Auto Design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bikes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[chopper]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cycle]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[design]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[In the wonderful world of Fighterdom, you are only limited by your imagination. In the grand scheme of things, we are working with 3 main elements: the wheels, the engine and the seat. The way in which these elements are connected, to work as a whole, are practically limitless. Chassis design, suspension components, and body [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;">In the wonderful world of Fighterdom, you are only limited by your imagination. In the grand scheme of things, we are working with 3 main elements: the wheels, the engine and the seat. The way in which these elements are connected, to work as a whole, are practically limitless. Chassis design, suspension components, and body design are all key factors of what makes a motorcycle unique. Each part that is assembled with the machine not only adds in its function but also to it&#8217;s style.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">One thing that has always intrigued me was frame design. With out a frame we basically have a pile of random parts, but there&#8217;s more to it then just a place to bolt it all together. This is the beginning and end of how well your bike is going to perform. You can put the best suspension, biggest brakes, and lightest wheels you can afford on your bike, but if the frame is weak and twitchy all those killer parts are for nothing. In the day and age we live in, it&#8217;s hard to beat the quality and construction of the latest and greatest factory superbikes. Let&#8217;s face it. They have the time and money to put all the R&amp;D and design into them they want until you have a super light, super rigid frame. Now that doesn&#8217;t mean we have to swear off the idea of designing our own. This is kind of the crème de la crème of building a special. A truly one off frame separates the men from the boys so to speak. For those of us with older bikes this can greatly help overall performance and handling by making the bike much more sturdy and responsive. But also on a styling note this is where you can really start laying out the look of a bike. The chopper crowd has been stretching and raking frames for decades. This was for a mater of style. But when you start building your own frame you can make it all work together. You can have the style and performance in one package.</p>
<p><span id="more-84"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Different Streetfighter Motorcycle Frame Designs :</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Trellis Frames:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">For those of you that have been around the fighter scene, you no doubt have seen the beautiful examples built by Spondon, Harris, RAU and some of the later builders such as Martek, Steelheart and PEST. The most common design of these frames is a trellis format, similar to Ducati and MV Agusta. Built from either large diameter aluminum tube or chromoly steel, they offer a very light and rigid construction, but also give the builder a range of adjustability in component placement and over all layout. Mounting points can be made to fit many different engine configurations and also allow for a range of suspension locations.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Backbone or Cradle-Style Frame:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The next form of frame configuration is the backbone style or cradle frame. Most commonly found in older bikes and traditionally styled cruisers. RAU has adapted a version of this to act as a stressed member frame. Instead of a full cradle frame that has mounting points for the engine to sit into, they use the engine to mount the frame. This style does away with the lower frame rails. It incorporates a large diameter tube for the &#8220;backbone&#8221; and a section of down tubes to connect to the engine mounts. Honda has also adapted this style frame on their Hornet line. This setup is not only very rigid but also allows to showcase the engine. The down side is the frame has to go over the engine witch can make the bike rather tall.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Twin-Spar or Twin-Beam Frame:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The twin spar or twin beam frame is one of the most commonly used frames among sportbikes. If you&#8217;ve owned a GSXR, YZF, CBR or ZX of the last 10 years you&#8217;ve ridden a twin spar. They are very rigid, and strong frames. They can be heavy and bulky compared to other examples but in recent years the manufacturers have come up with new technologies to help cut the weight while still maintaining the strength. Arguably not the prettiest of designs but can be made to work as eye candy if done well. Another advantage of this design is the ability to hold or hide some of your components or fluids. Case in point the Buell XB series with its fuel in frame design.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Monocoque Frame:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">One of the most unique designs is the monocoque. This can be done a number of ways. A number of panels that bolt together, tubes that mount in triangulated shapes, even just bolting everything to the engine. It&#8217;s a complex structural design that pulls the machine together in a very unorthodox way.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">As for materials these frames can be made from, the range is also large. Steel and aluminum being the most common, although there are examples that have been made of carbon fiber, stainless steel and titanium. All these materials require a certain amount of skill to work with. Steel is probably the easiest and cheapest although is the heaviest of materials. The up side is it is the most resilient to flexing forces and if designed right can weigh in very close to an Aluminum frame. Aluminum would be next up the scale but takes more skill to work with. Welding aluminum can be tricky. It melts faster then steel and you have to have a good working knowledge of this material for it to weld right. It is very rigid and strong though and also half the weight of steel to gain the same strength. Titanium is very expensive and hard to get in large quantities but is the lightest and strongest of the more common metals. Carbon fiber is also getting harder to get and requires a totally different set of skills to work with. It also requires quite a bit to gain the same strength as the aforementioned metals. It is brittle though and has been known to shatter under the right forces.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">So how do we lay all this out and make it work? Well, like I said earlier, that&#8217;s what you have to figure out. I will say this. Start drawing lines from the steering head to the swingarm pivot and go from there. Look at some new bikes and how they are laid out. Specifically, look at there mounting points; steering, engine and rear end. Break out your imaginary pen, A.K.A. your finger, and start drawing lines from one point to another. I&#8217;m interested in what you&#8217;ll come up with. There&#8217;s a lot more to this as well, such as component positioning, center of gravity, rake, trail ride height etc., but we will attack these issues another time!</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Shaun &#8220;Scrapyard&#8221; Kelly<br />
Custom Fighters &#8211; Streetfighter Motorcycle Forum<br />
Streetfighter Apparel, Art, and Project Bikes</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Shaun_Kelly</p>
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		<title>The Science of Automotive Designs</title>
		<link>http://www.m2hi.com/66/the-science-of-automotive-designs</link>
		<comments>http://www.m2hi.com/66/the-science-of-automotive-designs#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 20 Jan 2010 20:08:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Auto Design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[automotive engine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[concept car]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[industrial design]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[The automobile industry is a multi-billion dollar industry, specific attention is paid to the design of an automobile and the art of designing automobiles has a lot of science involved to it. Designers need to even look at the ergonomics when they are designing the appearance of a car. The people working on the design [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;">The automobile industry is a multi-billion dollar industry, specific attention is paid to the design of an automobile and the art of designing automobiles has a lot of science involved to it. Designers need to even look at the ergonomics when they are designing the appearance of a car. The people working on the design of a car are called automotive engineers. Normally, these people hold degrees in industrial design or transportation design.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Developing the visual appearance and the overall aesthetics of the car is the major job criterion. It is further divided into exterior styling, interior styling and color and trim design. The design of the vehicle needs to be in harmony with all its functions and accessories. Exterior styling refers to the exterior shape, surfaces, proportions and the external design of the car. Virtual models are first created before the actual prototypes. The main purpose of interior styling is to provide maximum convenience and comfort to the passenger. The shape, proportion and surfaces are also important here. The instrumental panel, seats, doors, windows, dash board etc are fall under the broad category of interior styling. The color and trim design team is primarily responsible for researching, designing and developing all the colors and materials which will be used in the interior and exterior design of the vehicle. Often, these designs follow a particular theme or concept. With the advent of computers and technology, computer-aided design is used by graphic designers to design 3D models of cars.</p>
<p><span id="more-66"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Historically, automotive design was not as significant as it is today. In 1924, a turning point occurred when General Motors decided to make annual model changes and urged the customers to develop a need to replace their car each year. Alfred P. Sloan Jr., the head of General Motors, referred to the strategy as dynamic obsolescence whereas critics slammed it as being planned obsolescence. Ford did not adopt this strategy and hence by 1931 General Motors outsold Ford. After that period the design of the car has acquired utmost importance in the eyes of a customer and car manufacturers constantly update models, even if the underlying function and design of the car remain the same.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Along with the physics of the car and a need to be aerodynamically stable, car manufacturers also need to focus their attention on the psychology of the customer. When a powerful car is mentioned, the image of a sleek design with a low and wide base comes to the mind since many of the sports cars manufactured follow that general theme. However, we have internalized these notions and we tend to generalize along these lines. It is difficult for manufactures to go beyond these stereotypes and beyond the psychology of the mass audience to innovate greatly. Car manufactures are constantly looking for major innovation to cater to market differentiation. Concept cars are often produced as prototypes to judge the reaction of people. Many car manufacturers believe that a concept that lacks context is simply confusing so there is great interest in developing stories around concept cars to create popularity.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Auto Transport Company</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Auto Shipping Company</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Brenda_Williams</p>
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		<title>Brawn BGP001 &#8211; Front-Wing Design &#8211; A Great Improvement!</title>
		<link>http://www.m2hi.com/12/brawn-bgp001-front-wing-design-a-great-improvement</link>
		<comments>http://www.m2hi.com/12/brawn-bgp001-front-wing-design-a-great-improvement#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 19 Nov 2009 15:37:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Auto Design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[an engine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[brawn]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[formula one]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[The Latest Brawn BGP001 &#8211; front-wing design has already taken a lead in the Formula One in Melbourne, Australia. I just saw the start of the Melbourne 2009 Formula One Grand Prix and the Brawn BGP001 &#8211; front-wing design is a revelation and an engineering design marvel.
With new design allowances made by Formula One, the [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;">The Latest Brawn BGP001 &#8211; front-wing design has already taken a lead in the Formula One in Melbourne, Australia. I just saw the start of the Melbourne 2009 Formula One Grand Prix and the Brawn BGP001 &#8211; front-wing design is a revelation and an engineering design marvel.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">With new design allowances made by Formula One, the Drivers sitting so far behind are finding it exceedingly difficult to judge and ascertain the width of these new Changes on front-wing and have a tendency to clip the tire of their compatriots. However, both the Brawn Racing drivers have answered the early criticism and proved that the Brawn BGP001 &#8211; front-wing design is a fantastic design.</p>
<p><span id="more-12"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The designers may have carried out their research and may look at adjusting is to either the width by an inches on both sides or making it curved so that the corners of the wing don&#8217;t stick out so much. So the corners must be curved and the entire Brawn BGP001 &#8211; front-wing a couple of inches narrower. But this is subject to debate and no winning team likes to change or alter anything very quickly.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Its important that these design changes are approved only after a 100% test in race conditions as it could be very dangerous for the drivers, not forgetting the huge financial expense that may incurred in changing the design, development and production of any further new innovations on the Brawn BGP001 &#8211; front-wing! Well done The Brawn Team for winning the Australian Grand Prix 2009!</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">A Tea Master and A Marketing Expert in Gourmet Teas for the past 25 years is now pursuing the &#8216;Art of Marketing&#8217; from Home products and specializing in promoting and setting up of Home E-Business networking programs for the people desirous of earning a comfortable income working from the comfort of their Homes. The Author is well traveled and has been involved with Marketing niche products from the Far East to the Far West with special emphasis to Gourmet Teas. http://www.smartdogincome.com</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=I_V_Singh</p>
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		<title>Frame Slider Design and Selection</title>
		<link>http://www.m2hi.com/40/frame-slider-design-and-selection</link>
		<comments>http://www.m2hi.com/40/frame-slider-design-and-selection#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 14 Nov 2009 15:57:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Auto Design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bikes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[crash bobbins]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[design]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[frame slider]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[slider design]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[
Call them crash protectors, crash bobbins, fairing protectors or frame sliders, all these products ultimately seek to do one thing &#8211; protect your expensive bodywork or the essential and often expensive structural parts of your motorcycle from damage in the even of a fall or tip-over. The frame slider concept is as old as the [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="body" style="text-align: justify;">
<p>Call them crash protectors, crash bobbins, fairing protectors or frame sliders, all these products ultimately seek to do one thing &#8211; protect your expensive bodywork or the essential and often expensive structural parts of your motorcycle from damage in the even of a fall or tip-over. The frame slider concept is as old as the proverbial &#8216;crash bar&#8217; and today there are as many designs and brands as there are models of bikes. The proliferation of these types of products testify to the success of the idea of providing a sacrificial item to absorb some of the damage in the event of a fall. We are by no means experts on this concept nor were we the first to come<br />
up with it, but in this article we hope to provide you with an unbiased view so that you can make an informed decision when you&#8217;re ready to put down your hard earned cash.</p>
<p><strong>Cost:</strong></p>
<p><span id="more-40"></span></p>
<p>Cost of the frame sliders must be appropriate to the items that they are designed to<br />
protect.  Price is not necessarily the best indicator of quality.  Poorly designed frame<br />
sliders made of the nicest shiniest materials may not serve their purpose as well as<br />
well designed but less &#8216;bling&#8217; ones.</p>
<p><strong>Mounting Configurations:</strong></p>
<p>The frame slider must be designed to mount securely onto a strong enough part of<br />
the motorcycle so that impact forces can be adequately distributed or absorbed.<br />
Here are some popular mounting configurations.</p>
<p><strong>Fairing Mounted Frame Sliders</strong></p>
<p>Sliders that mount onto the fairing with small fairing screws may provide some<br />
protection in a minor tip-over but offer very minimal protection in a slide.  These<br />
sliders are not generally recommended for serious riders.</p>
<p><strong>Frame Mounted Sliders &#8211; Direct</strong></p>
<p>The most popular and viable mounting option is directly to a selected strong point<br />
of the frame.  Sliders with this design offer the most protection and impact force<br />
distribution.  The installation of this type of slider often require modification of the<br />
fairing and in some cases like the Honda VFR800, as extreme as requiring the<br />
modification of the coolant bottle.  For this reason, many choose the first or the<br />
third option as fairing modification can at times be quite intimidating. This option is<br />
the most popular for serious sportsriders, amateur and semi-professional racers<br />
alike as they provide the best protection for the money. One other thing to consider<br />
when choosing these types of sliders is where they will be mounted to.</p>
<p>Many<br />
models of sportbikes offer several places to mount them, frame slider<br />
manufacturers all have their personal reasons for choosing the mounting location<br />
for theirs and many of them make that choice for the wrong reasons. An example is<br />
cost &#8211; a location that offers a two short bolt mounting location is cheaper than one<br />
using a long through the engine bolt choice.  The former being a much weaker<br />
location.  If you own an SV650 you will know what we mean.  Another choice is the<br />
use of a bracket so that cutting of the fairing is avoided &#8211; see below (Frame<br />
Mounted Frame Sliders-Through-Engine Bolts).</p>
<p><strong>Frame Mounted Sliders &#8211; In-Direct</strong></p>
<p>To address some of the concerns owners may have about modification of the<br />
fairing, some manufacturers have opted for a design that allows for the slider to<br />
mount onto an offset bracket that then mounts onto the frame.  This offset<br />
introduces a whole new set of variables into the mix.  Depending on the degree of<br />
the offset, impact forces now include amplified torque stresses which will be applied<br />
to the frame mounting points.  Offset brackets will need to be of beefier<br />
construction, but not so beefy as to stay intact during an impact while severely<br />
damaging the frame mounting points.  This is often the most costly type of slider<br />
configuration as most brackets require ingenious CNC work and design. In some<br />
situations employment of a bracket is a calculated risk, in others it is just not<br />
feasible.  No cut sliders are attractive to most bikers so do your homework and ask<br />
the manfacturer questions before you buy them.</p>
<p><strong>Frame Mounted Frame Sliders-Through-Engine Bolts</strong></p>
<p>The third mounting option found only on certain models of bikes like the Suzuki<br />
DL1000 Vstrom, TL1000S, SV650 and Ducati models of bikes allow for use of the<br />
long, through-the-engine mounting bolt.  This method is by far the strongest<br />
available as impact forces are allowed to be distributed over a much larger area.<br />
This is also the second more costly design as these long bolts are quite expensive<br />
to manufacture. The design must be structurally strong enough not to break off<br />
when encountering the various types of impact forces but not so strong that these<br />
forces would be transmitted entirely to and damage the considerably more costly<br />
frame mounting points.  In other words you want to sacrifice your slider before your<br />
fairing and then your frame in that order. It&#8217;s a delicate balance and there is no sure<br />
way to ensure that any one design will accomplish this desired goal.</p>
<p><strong>Frame Slider Material:</strong></p>
<p>The choice of material used for the frame slider should be a balance of the following<br />
3 requirements:</p>
<p>Abrasion Resistance &#8211; the material should be hard enough to be<br />
able to slow the bike down in a slide and not be totally worn down to the bolt half<br />
way through a slide</p>
<p>Structural Strength &#8211; the material should be strong but not brittle and snap off too<br />
easily on impact</p>
<p>Energy Absorption-the material used should have some energy absorbing<br />
properties but not be so hard that all impact forces are transmitted to the mounting<br />
points or fasteners (solid steel or aluminum materials are examples of non-energy<br />
absorbing materials).</p>
<p>Most high quality frame sliders today are made of some kind<br />
of nylon or other for energy absorption and with aluminum inserts for strengthening<br />
of the fastening points.  The range of nylon types, with different levels of abrasion<br />
resistance and &#8220;brittleness&#8221; used is also quite varied.</p>
<p><strong>Fasteners and Components:</strong></p>
<p>Quality of materials used, aesthetics and quality of workmanship should also be<br />
considered when choosing the right frame slider for your bike.<br />
Look for high quality anodized steel bolts.  Black non-coated bolts will rust in a<br />
week or less depending where you live.  Stainless steel washers between your steel<br />
bolts and aluminum inserts in the slider also reduce potential corrosion problems.<br />
Socket head cap screws offer the smallest footprint allowing for a thicker and<br />
stronger slider dimensions and are generally much more expensive then regular<br />
hex-head screws.  Nyloc lock nuts where applicable are another added safety<br />
feature.  True, these are all minor considerations in the overall scheme of things but<br />
they all add up to the cost of manufacturing.  One last thing to remember is to<br />
always try to use some form of thread lock compound like Loctite and to properly<br />
torque the mounting bolts to the manufacturer&#8217;s recommendations.  If you&#8217;re not<br />
sure check out our torque reference guide.</p>
<p><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong></p>
<p>Where does that leave you the consumer?  Well, we all don&#8217;t want to think about the<br />
day when we will be able to justify the purchase of frame sliders.  The reality is that<br />
as long as bikes have only two wheels, you can expect them to fall over sooner or<br />
later.  Frame sliders are one of the surest and least expensive ways to ensure some<br />
protection for the expensive or sometimes irreplaceable parts of your bike.  After all<br />
some protection is still better than none. Think about broken rear brake levers, gear<br />
shifters or even worse &#8211; punctured radiators or coolant bottles, when you&#8217;re miles<br />
from civilization.  The rule is the same in our opinion no matter what you&#8217;re<br />
spending your money on &#8211; buy the best you can afford and don&#8217;t be afraid to ask<br />
the manufacturer why their product is better than the plethora of other brands<br />
available out there. Any good manufacturer will be very clear about what<br />
differentiates their products form others so that you will be able to make the correct<br />
purchase decision.</p>
<p>Author is the manufacturer and distibutor for US based frame slider and accessories company. http://www.motovationUSA.com</p>
<p>Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Roland_Lee</p></div>
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